| Servicio de Transportes Eléctricos del D. F. | |
|---|---|
| Info | |
| Locale | Mexico City, Mexico |
| Transit type | Trolleybus, Light rail |
| Number of lines | Trolleybus: 12 (of which 3 are temporarily suspended) Light rail: 1 |
| Website | www.ste.df.gob.mx |
| Operation | |
| Began operation | 1947 |
| Number of vehicles | 400 trolleybuses (approx.)[1] 20 light rail cars[2] |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in) (standard gauge) |
| Electrification | Trolleybus: 600 V, DC Light rail: 750 V DC[1] |
Servicio de Transportes Eléctricos del Distrito Federal (STE) (Spanish for Electric Transport Service of the Federal District) is a public transport agency responsible for the operation of all trolleybus and light rail services in Mexico City. As its name implies, its routes use only electrically powered vehicles. It was created on 31 December 1946 and is owned by the Mexican Federal District government.[3] STE is overseen by a broader Federal District authority, Secretaría de Transportes y Vialidad (STV, or Setravi), which also regulates the city's other public transport authorities, including Sistema de Transporte Colectivo (STC, the Mexico City Metro system), Red de Transporte de Pasajeros del D. F. (RTP, diesel bus network) and Metrobús, as well as other forms of transportation in the district.[4] STE's passenger vehicle fleet consists exclusively of trolleybuses and light rail vehicles, and in 2007 its network carried 88 million passengers, of which 67 million were on trolleybus services and 21 million on light rail.[4]
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STE was organized in 1947, to replace the privately run Compañía de Tranvías de México (Mexico City Tramways Company),[3] operator of the city's tramway/streetcar network, but did not completely take over the assets and operations of that company until October 1952.[3][5] STE also took over the Compañía de Ferrocarriles del Distrito Federal (Mexico City Railways Company) at that time.[3] The agency introduced its first trolleybus route in 1951.[6] To replace worn-out streetcars, STE acquired 274 used PCC cars from U.S. transit companies that were downsizing or abandoning their streetcar systems.[5][7] Similarly, as it expanded its trolleybus network, the agency turned to American and Canadian transit companies as a relatively inexpensive source of vehicles, acquiring almost 800 secondhand trolleybuses from several different cities in those countries between 1956 and 1977[8][9] and later 37 from Edmonton in 1987. These have all since been replaced by trolleybuses built new, in Mexico, by Mexicana de Autobuses SA (MASA) or its successor, Volvo.
STE's Director General (General Manager) is appointed by the Head of Government of the Federal District, or "mayor" of Mexico City. Since December 2006 the position has been held by Lic. Rufino H. León Tovar.[10] STE has approximately 2,700 employees.[4]
After May 1979, the only streetcar line still in operation was that from Tasqueña metro station to Xochimilco (route 54) and its short branch to Tlalpan (53).[11] STE upgraded this line in the mid-1980s as light rail, with high-platform stations for faster loading and new articulated light rail cars built using parts from old PCC streetcars, fitted with new bodies.[12] The Xochimilco Light Rail service began operating in 1986, without the Tlalpan branch. It continues in operation today, with newer cars, and locally is known as the Tren Ligero. It is STE's only rail line.[4] Construction of a new streetcar line (or tranvía) in the city center was planned,[13] with STE managing the construction bidding process for the project,[14] but on 31 May 2010 the project was cancelled by mayor Marcelo Ebrard, on cost grounds.[15]
After its opening in the 1950s the trolleybus network was gradually expanded. A network of 27 routes in operation in early 1979 was reduced to about 10 later that year, through a reorganization that combined overlapping routes, rather than through abandonments.[9] An expansion program implemented after 1982 raised the number of separate routes back to 27, operated by 30 different services,[6] by the end of 1988.[16] STE's network reached its widest geographic coverage at that point, when the route most-distant from the city center was one from Tláhuac to Milpa Alta, in the far southeastern corner of the Federal District.[16] This coverage was maintained only until early 1991. Although new routes were opened in 1995, 1997 and 2005, overall STE has, since 1991, discontinued more trolleybus routes than it has opened, with only 17 trolleybus routes still in operation in 2007.[1] In 2009 and 2010, construction work on new metro line 12 has disrupted surface streets (requiring traffic detours) and caused some STE routes to become temporarily replaced by diesel bus routes; these are operated by RTP, as STE does not own any diesel buses. Trolleybuses are expected to return to those routes later, but currently, as of May 2010, only nine trolleybus routes are in operation.[17]
On 1 August 2009, STE inaugurated its first Corredor Cero Emisiones, or Zero-Emissions Corridor, in which all public transport service along one of the city's major traffic arteries is now provided by electric trolleybuses.[6][18][19] This was not a new trolleybus line, but rather an upgrading of an existing line, STE's route A, along Eje Central (Central Traffic Axis, primarily Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas).[18] The route extends for 18.3 kilometres (11.4 mi), from Instituto del Petróleo metro station and the Terminal de Autobuses del Norte (northern intercity bus station) to Tasqueña metro station and the Terminal de Autobuses del Sur (southern intercity bus station).[20] The changes involved in transforming route A into the "Zero-Emissions Corridor" included significantly increasing the frequency of trolleybus service, to an average headway of 2.5 minutes, and banning all non-electric buses and peseros (vans/jitneys) from the corridor.[18][19] The Eje Central corridor alone now uses about 90–100 trolleybuses at peak times, from a sub-fleet of 120 vehicles reserved for this route.[18] The trolleybuses operate in bus-only lanes, separated from other traffic; such lanes already were present on this route. Several of STE's other trolleybus routes also operate in bus-only lanes over some portions of their route. Work is under way to upgrade another trolleybus route, route S (Eje 2/2A Sur), into a second Zero-Emissions Corridor, with a length of 11.2 kilometres (7.0 mi) (22.3 km round trip).[21]
The system has three trolleybus garages (depositos, or depots). The largest is at Tetepilco, also the location of STE's main administrative offices. The newest, El Rosario, opened in December 1998,[22] as a replacement for a much smaller depot, Azcapotzalco, which had closed in May of that year.[23] The third is San Juan de Aragón depot. As of 2008, the trolleybus fleet comprised around 400 vehicles.[1]
Starting in November 1997,[24] and lasting for four years, STE operated a few diesel bus routes, at the request of STV following the 1995 bankruptcy[25] of RTP's predecessor, Ruta Cien ("Route 100").[26] It accepted the transfer of 190 motorbuses to its fleet in conjunction with this,[26] but these and the bus routes were transferred to RTP in November 2001.[27] Otherwise, except for a brief period in the 1960s, STE's service has always used only electric vehicles.[24]
STE uses a "flat" fare system, meaning the price is the same regardless of the distance travelled. The current fare is 2.00 pesos on all trolleybus lines except line A, the Corredor Cero Emisiones, on which the fare is 4.00 pesos. Effective 2 January 2010, the fare on the Xochimilco light rail line is 3.00 pesos.[28]
On the Tren Ligero, or light rail line, passengers pay the fare at the stations, to ticket vending machines, and the platform of each station is a paid area, with turnstiles preventing access to persons lacking a valid fare. On the trolleybuses, passengers pay the exact fare upon boarding, into fareboxes, with drivers responsible for monitoring fare payment.[4]
Media related to [//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mexico_City_trolleybus_system Mexico City trolleybus system] at Wikimedia Commons
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